Learning composition in photography is one of the most powerful ways to improve your images. But if you’re just starting out, it can quickly feel overwhelming—especially when textbooks throw terms at you like phi grids and Fibonacci spirals, accompanied by sterile example pictures that feel more like geometry lessons than photography.
So instead of going down the mathematical rabbit hole, let’s look at something far more inspiring: the vibrant, iconic work of Steve McCurry. His photographs are full of life, emotion, and structure—and they’re the perfect foundation for understanding the fundamentals of composition.
Here are nine practical ways to level up your own compositions, inspired by his techniques.
1. Fill the Frame
This is one of the simplest ways to make your images more impactful: get closer.
When you fill the frame, you remove distractions and make your subject unmistakably clear. In portraits especially, this creates instant impact—forcing the viewer to focus on the emotion, expression, and presence of your subject.
Walk closer, zoom in, or use a longer lens—but make your subject dominate the image.
2. Use Patterns (and Break Them)
There’s something almost magical about patterns. Whether natural or man-made, repeating elements pull us in and keep our eyes moving across the frame.
But here’s the trick: once you establish a pattern, break it.
Add one unexpected element—a “purple cow,” as Seth Godin famously called it. That single interruption elevates a good photo into something unforgettable.
3. Use Leading Lines
Leading lines are one of the oldest compositional tools in art. They guide the viewer’s eye through your image, create depth, and help draw attention to your subject.
They can be:
- Roads
- Rivers
- Pathways
- Shadows
- Fences
- Building edges
Leading lines are everywhere—once you train yourself to see them.
And no, they’re not “beginner tricks.” Every photographer uses them.
4. Frame Your Scene
Framing is a powerful way to highlight your subject while giving the image context and storytelling.
Think:
- Archways
- Windows
- Door frames
- Tree branches
- Gaps between objects
Frames within frames can add layers, depth, and mood. And the more you practice spotting natural frames, the more they’ll appear to you everywhere.
5. Use Diagonals for Energy
Diagonals create movement. They’re more dynamic than straight horizontal or vertical lines and make a scene feel alive.
Even when there are no obvious leading lines, diagonals can guide the viewer’s eye through the image.
Steve McCurry uses diagonals masterfully to inject motion and rhythm into still photographs.
6. Capture Engaging Eye Contact
One of McCurry’s signature portrait techniques is direct, intense eye contact.
Even on a small screen, his portraits feel like the subject is looking straight at you, not at the camera. Combined with a filled frame, this creates emotional power and immediacy.
When your subject connects with the viewer, the photograph comes alive.
7. Embrace Symmetry
Symmetry gets a bad reputation because filmmakers rarely center their subjects. But in photography, symmetry can be striking and deeply satisfying.
Don’t be afraid to:
- Place your subject dead center
- Use symmetrical backgrounds
- Build balance in both halves of the frame
And remember, symmetry doesn’t need to be stiff. Even soft diagonals can work beautifully—so long as they remain balanced.
8. Use the Rule of Thirds (But Don’t Worship It)
The rule of thirds is probably the most famous compositional guideline. Yes, it’s basic—but basic doesn’t mean useless.
Divide your frame into a 3×3 grid and place important elements along those lines or intersections. This can help:
- Position horizons
- Balance subjects
- Create pleasing arrangements
But don’t rely on it alone. It’s a starting point, not a finishing line. Combine it with the other techniques to build richer, deeper compositions.
9. Remember: There Are No Rules
All these guidelines are tools—not laws. Photography is about feel, intuition, and experimentation.
Try these techniques. Mix them. Break them. See what resonates with you.
One great way to practice is by exploring minimalist photography—where you strip away everything except the essentials, sharpening your compositional instincts.
At the end of the day, the real question is simple:
Does this image feel right to you?
If it does, you’re on the right path.
